Total Area: 110,879 sq km
Land Area: 108,489 sq km
Water Area: 2,390 sq km
Climate description: temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers
Terrain description: mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast
Arable Land Use: 29.94%
Permanent Crop Land Use: 1.9%
Irrigated Land: 1,020 sq km (2003)
Total Renewable Water Resources: 19.4 cu km (2005)
Total Freshwater Withdrawal: 6.92 cu km/yr (3%/78%/19%)
Per Person Freshwater Withdrawal: 895 cu m/yr (2003)
Natural Hazards description: earthquakes; landslides
Environmental Current Issues: air pollution from industrial emissions; rivers polluted from raw sewage, heavy metals, detergents; deforestation; forest damage from air pollution and resulting acid rain; soil contamination from heavy metals from metallurgical plants and industrial wastes
Total Labor Force: 2.451 million (2012 est.)
% of Labor Force in Agriculture: 7.1%
Agricultural Products description: vegetables, fruits, tobacco, wine, wheat, barley, sunflowers, sugar beets; livestock